Performance assessment of state-of-the-art and novel methods for remote compliance monitoring of sulfur emissions from shipping
The fuel sulfur content (FSC) of ocean-going and inland vessels was measured simultaneously by eight different state-of-the-art and novel monitoring systems during a 6-week campaign at the Elbe River, at a distance of about 10 km to the port of Hamburg, Germany.Both stationary and airborne systems on navy drapery fabric unoccupied aerial vehicles (